PIERRE, S.D. - The Department of Health is warning South Dakotans to protect themselves from cryptosporidiosis, an intestinal illness that is increasing across the nation.

The disease is caused by a microscopic parasite called Cryptosporidium and outbreaks in the past have been linked to contaminated recreational water such as swimming pools and waterparks. There has been no specific common exposure in the South Dakota cases.

"We've reported 108 cases of cryptosporidiosis  so far this year, which is up considerably from the five-year median of 31 cases a year," said Dr. Lon Kightlinger, State Epidemiologist for the Department of Health. "Several of our neighboring states are also seeing increases in crypto."

Dr. Kightlinger said the majority of cases, 97%, have been East River and nearly 60% have been in children younger than 15.

The disease is spread in human and animal feces. Risk factors include contact with infected animals, household contact with an infected individual, drinking unpasteurized milk or fruit juices, and eating unwashed vegetables and fruits. Swallowing lake or river water, or waterpark, swimming pool or hot tub water is also a risk factor.

To prevent the spread of cryptosporidiosis, Dr. Kightlinger recommended the following measures:

• wash your hands after toilet use and before eating,
• avoid recreational swimming facilities if you have diarrhea,
• don't swallow pool or lake water,
• wash hands after contact with animal feces,
• wash vegetables and fruits before eating.

The major symptoms are abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea. Although less common, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and low grade fever may also be present. These may lead to weight loss and dehydration.

For more information about cryptosporidiosis, see the Department of Health website at http://doh.sd.gov/DiseaseFacts/Cryptosporidiosis.aspx.